Τρυπούν το βυθό της Σαντορίνης για τα μυστικά της έκρηξης που κατέστρεψε τον Μινωικό πολιτισμό: Τεράστια επιστημονική αποστολή [video]

Τα μυστικά της μινωικής έκρηξης, της δεύτερης μεγαλύτερης ηφαιστειακής έκρηξης στην ανθρώπινη ιστορία, θα επιχειρήσει να ξεκλειδώσει το επόμενο χρονικό διάστημα μια διεθνής αποστολή υποθαλάσσιων γεωτρήσεων στη Σαντορίνη.
Συνολικά, 30 κορυφαίοι επιστήμονες από τις ΗΠΑ, την Ευρώπη και την Ασία φθάνουν στην Ελλάδα με ειδικό ερευνητικό σκάφος που θα ξεκινήσει από την Ισπανία, θα τρυπήσουν τον πυθμένα της θάλασσας σε βάθος σχεδόν 400 μέτρων και θα προσπαθήσουν να ανασυνθέσουν την ιστορία χιλιάδων χρόνων. Στόχος τους είναι να κατανοήσουν τι είναι αυτό που ρυθμίζει τις εκρήξεις του ηφαιστειακού συμπλέγματος της Σαντορίνης, να προβλέψουν τη μελλοντική του δραστηριότητα και τις επιπτώσεις του σε μια περιοχή την οποία επισκέπτονται εκατομμύρια άνθρωποι ετησίως.
Η αποστολή εκτιμάται ότι θα κοστίσει περίπου 10 εκατ. ευρώ και θα πραγματοποιηθεί στο πλαίσιο του Διεθνούς Προγράμματος Εξερεύνησης Ωκεανών (International Ocean Discovery Program – IODP), το οποίο παρέχει έγκριση υπό πολύ αυστηρές προϋποθέσεις σε τέτοιου είδους ερευνητικές αποστολές.
Πρόκειται για ένα τεράστιο επίτευγμα που θα φέρει το κυκλαδίτικο νησί στο επίκεντρο του διεθνούς ενδιαφέροντος. Δημοσιογράφοι από όλο τον κόσμο αναμένεται να καταφθάσουν για να καλύψουν το γεγονός, ενώ με το πλοίο «JOIDES Resolution», το οποίο αποτελεί το πιο προηγμένο σκάφος ερευνητικών γεωτρήσεων που έχει επισκεφθεί ποτέ τη χώρα μας, θα συνδέονται online φοιτητές από κάθε γωνιά της Γης αλλά και μαθητές από τη Σαντορίνη και την Αμοργό για να «ξεναγηθούν» σε αυτό εν ώρα δράσης.
Ενδεικτικό της προηγμένης τεχνολογίας που διαθέτει το σκάφος είναι ότι φέρει ενσωματωμένο εξειδικευμένο εργαστήριο, στο οποίο οι επιστήμονες θα αναλύουν επί τόπου, 24 ώρες την ημέρα, επτά ημέρες την εβδομάδα, τους πυρήνες από τα ιζηματογενή πετρώματα που θα ανασύρουν από τον βυθό, εξάγοντας αυτομάτως συμπεράσματα για τη συνέχιση της έρευνας – μια δυνατότητα την οποία παρέχουν πολύ λίγα ερευνητικά πλοία.
To πλοίο έχει πραγματοποιήσει ξανά έρευνες σε ηφαίστεια
Ηφαιστειακό συγκρότημα
Η διεθνής ωκεανογραφική αποστολή που θα εξερευνήσει το ηφαιστειακό συγκρότημα Σαντορίνης – Κολούμπου – Χριστιανών θα ξεκινήσει τις εργασίες της στις 6 Δεκεμβρίου 2022, με την αναχώρηση του ερευνητικού σκάφους από το ισπανικό λιμάνι της Ταραγόνας, και θα συνεχίσει μέχρι τις 5 Φεβρουαρίου 2023.
Παρ’ όλα αυτά, η προετοιμασία έχει ήδη ξεκινήσει με πυρετώδεις ρυθμούς. Σήμερα ανοίγει η πλατφόρμα για την υποβολή δηλώσεων από επιστήμονες που ενδιαφέρονται να συμμετάσχουν. Το «εισιτήριο» για την ανάβαση στο πλοίο θεωρείται πολύτιμο, καθώς θα επιλεγούν μόνο 30 και αυτοί θα είναι οι καλύτεροι στην ειδικότητά τους στον κόσμο.
«Εχουμε πάρα πολλά ερωτήματα και θα προσπαθήσουμε να λάβουμε απαντήσεις», λέει η επιστήμονας που εκπροσωπεί την Ελλάδα στην Αποστολή 398, η αναπληρώτρια καθηγήτρια στο Τμήμα Γεωλογίας και Γεωπεριβάλλοντος του ΕΚΠΑ Παρασκευή Νομικού, η οποία έχει ερευνήσει επισταμένως τη θαλάσσια γεωλογία της περιοχής της Σαντορίνης, και διευκρινίζει: «Για παράδειγμα, πώς συνδέονται οι ηφαιστειακές εκρήξεις με τα ρήγματα της περιοχής; Τι βρίσκεται στον υποθαλάσσιο χώρο του ηφαιστειακού συμπλέγματος πέρα από όσα γνωρίζουμε από τη χέρσο; Επίσης, θέλουμε να λάβουμε περισσότερες πληροφορίες για τη δυναμική της μεγάλης μινωικής έκρηξης, για την ποσότητα και τη σύσταση της τέφρας που εκλύθηκε στη θάλασσα, να λάβουμε χρονολογίες και να μάθουμε πώς εξελίχθηκαν τα γεγονότα. Και βεβαίως, μελετώντας το παρελθόν, κατανοούμε το παρόν και προβλέπουμε μελλοντικές εκρήξεις».
Αυστηρή αξιολόγηση
Όπως εξηγεί η καθηγήτρια, «χρειάστηκαν τέσσερα χρόνια αυστηρής αξιολόγησης για να ανακοινωθεί η έγκριση – με βαθμό «άριστα» – της επιστημονικής πρότασης για τη διεξαγωγή θαλάσσιων ερευνητικών γεωτρήσεων στις ηφαιστειακές νησίδες των Χριστιανών, στην καλντέρα της Σαντορίνης, στη Νέα και Παλαιά Καμένη – όπου η τελευταία έκρηξη συνέβη το 1950 – και στο υποθαλάσσιο ηφαίστειο Κολούμπο, το οποίο εξερράγη το 1650».
Tο «JOIDES Resolution» είχε παράλληλα ζητηθεί και για άλλες έρευνες σε Αδριατική και Μεσόγειο, όμως προκρίθηκε η περίπτωση της Σαντορίνης καθώς η επιστημονική πρόταση που τη συνόδευε είχε δομηθεί με συμπεράσματα πολυετών εξειδικευμένων μελετών, με πλούσια σεισμογραφικά προφίλ και άλλα ερευνητικά δεδομένα από Έλληνες και ξένους επιστήμονες που έχουν αφιερώσει τη ζωή τους στα ηφαίστεια του Νότιου Αιγαίου.
Η αυστηρότητα στην επιλογή έγκειται στο γεγονός ότι το IODP έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μερικές από τις σπουδαιότερες έρευνες παγκοσμίως τον τελευταίο μισό αιώνα. Όπως εξηγεί η Κατερίνα Πετρονώτη, Manager of Science Operations στο «JOIDES Resolution Science Operator» με έδρα το Πανεπιστήμιο του Τέξας, «από το 1968 μέχρι σήμερα το IODP έχει δώσει τη δυνατότητα σε επιστήμονες να μελετήσουν την εξέλιξη της Γης και τις σημερινές δυνάμεις που δρουν στον πλανήτη. Έχει συμβάλει ουσιαστικά στο να μελετήσουμε σημαντικά θέματα όπως η κλιματική αλλαγή, οι προϋποθέσεις για τη γένεση σεισμών, τα ρεύματα και η χημεία των ωκεανών, καταστροφικά γεγονότα όπως η σύγκρουση του μετεωρίτη που προκάλεσε την εξαφάνιση των δεινοσαύρων, τη δημιουργία οροσειρών όπως οι Άλπεις και τα Ιμαλάια και την εξέλιξη της ζωής στον βυθό των ωκεανών. Χωρίς το IODP, θα μας έλειπαν βασικές γνώσεις για το πώς εξελίχθηκε η Γη και για το πώς θα μπορέσουμε να αντιμετωπίσουμε τώρα και στο μέλλον τα σοβαρά προβλήματα που παρουσιάζονται».
Πηγή: https://hellasjournal.com/
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